This era was also the beginning of the christian world to crumble, for example the discovery of America by Columbus. The Knowledge is more spread throughout the people, Humanism becomes very important in the Renaissance. It is the spirit of learning, to get back the confidence in the ability of determine what is right or wrong on their own. Florence being one of the most important city during the Renaissance development.
Brunelleschi for example discovered the way of how to construct perspective and represent it. The Dome of the Cathedral at Florence is one of his master pieces. It is a combination of both Roman and Gothic architecture, using both styles to create this dome. To be more precise, the pointed arch from the Gothic era and the usage of voids in walls from the Roman style, creating a double shell roof
Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man became important for Brunelleschi, since the drawing was kind of the recipe for beauty and showed mathematical the aesthetic proportion. As such, Brunelleschi's Ospedale degli Innocent considered to be the first early Renaissance building, was based on proportion and geometry, using logical repetition of modules, which have been carefully calculated before.
Also a very important figure during the Renaissance period was Donato Bramante. The Tempietto, a centralized church, which was inspired by sketches from Da Vinci, is agood example of a concept, using something massif in the middle and let it be surrounded by more delicate buildings. The Tempietto, which is a very perfect building in circular shape will influence the St. Peter later.
Speaking of the St. Peter's in Rome. The Building was ordered by Pope Julius II to create a bigger dome than the one from the Pantheon. In plan it uses the Renaissance typical geometric form; a square with a tilted square which creates a centralized plan with symmetry. Unfortunately Bramante died before finishing the plan. It was never accomplished, the construction of the dome was too complicate.
Bramante introduced us to the Belvedere Courtyard, a building with 3 terraces and controlled circulation, which animated people to walk slowly and enjoy the garden. As such the garden becomes a place of socializing. He also used the term perspective vista, also known as bella vista, which was typical for renaissance gardens as well. It is the one place with the most beautiful view of the whole building.
My last example is Andrea Palladio, who stated that a good building should integrate the following three principles: Firmness, Commodity and Delight.
Palladio, trained as a stone mason, included in all of his architecture a strong system of proportions, which he found by studying ancient Roman buildings. He also came up with the urban palace, which looks less than a fortress and is thus more welcoming. But the one building I want to talk about is the Villa Americo Capra, also known as La Rotonda. It is Palladio's most famous building. It is pure symmetry, all parts are the same and even the building itself looks the same on all sites.
To conclude, Renaissance architecture is based upon mathematical proportions, which had been illustrated by Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man. Humanism has become a major part of this era, Christianity lost a lot of its relevance as the common people became more and more self-confident. Humanism is the spirit of learning, the will to acquire knowledge, which upon people can determine on their own what is right and what is wrong. As such the christian world crumbled, as the revolution of man and science became more and more relevant, for example the discovery of American Continent by Columbus or Galileo, who fought against the christian ideology and proved, that the sun is the center of the cosmos and not the earth.
As such, also architecture changed and became more profane and less sacral.
Keine Kommentare:
Kommentar veröffentlichen